Lesson 23: Adjectives and Adjective Phrases in German

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The states, colors, forms, numbers, sorts, places, etc. of beings. are called adjectives.
Adjectives come before names and are used with names.

huge in a garden long poplar trees…
Poplar trees in a garden…

Playing in children's playground beautiful children, in their hands red balloons ...
Children playing in the playground, with balloons in hands…

Young adam, yaşlı the man gave the place on the bus…
The man gave him space on the bus…

In the above sentences, the words written in bold are some of the adjectives. When we take out the sentences, we see that the meaning is diminished. The sentence becomes incomprehensible when we take out the last cümleden adjectives.
If they would redefine the states, colors, forms, numbers, positions, places, etc. of the beings. The characteristics of the words are called adjectives. The subject is red, big, small, old, old, new, beautiful, ugly words are some adjectives.
(In Turkish grammar, these words are not adjectives when used alone, they are just nouns. However, if they are used with a noun such as "red pen", then they gain adjective properties, in which case "red pen" becomes an adjective phrase. If these words are used in front of a verb, then These are called adverbs.)

In German, words like jung (young), grün (green), gut (good) are adjectives.
Cümlede can be used alone, acting as an envelope if deed.
However, the number of adjectives used alone in this way in German is very few.
Most of the adjectives require a name next to it, and the main task of the adjective is to characterize any being. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to perceive the word red as an adjective in the words “red balloon ansa rather than sıf red tek alone.

Some of the most used adjectives in German are:

gut: good
schlecht: bad
hässlich: ugly
schön: beautiful
green: green (and all colors are adjectives)
jung: young
bottom: elderly
foul: lazy
gesund: healthy
crank: patient
tief: low
hoch: high
fleissig: hardworking
klein: small
neu: new
bottom: old
klug: smart
sauber: clean
lang: long.
.
.

There is not much information that can be given about the use of adjectives on their own. The main subject we will examine here is the definition of adjectives, which is the most used place of adjectives.

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One or more adjectives, one or more names, colors, forms, numbers, etc. is the adjective verb to the vocabulary groups.
For example, word groups such as red balloon, green tie, fast processor, young man, long poplar tree are some adjectives.
While in Turkish, adjective phrases are formed by the combination of an adjective and a noun, the following general pattern is used for adjective phrases in German:

As you can see from the above, the adjectives are between the article and the name.
Since there are certain types of articles such as definite, indefinite, negative ambiguous in German, adjectives should also adapt to the article.
and according to each article, adjectives have different appendages. In the meantime, adjectives received by adjectives only change according to the article
it would be wrong to say.
The suffixes of the adjectives, the article, the singular or plural form of the name, depends on the name.

COMPLETING RULE WITH NAMES WITH ARTİKELİ DER - DİE - DAS

ARTICLES + ADJ + ADDED E TEAKIS + NAME

Adjective: rot: Red
Name: das Buch: Book
Compilation: das rote Buch (Red book)

Adjective: klein: Small
Name: die BLume: Flower
Composition: die kleine Blume (small flower)

As we have seen in the examples, we use add-e-tag, which we use the der-die-das articels.
The above examples are in singular names, now let's look at the plural.
As you know, they were being used dice with plural names.
When we are composing with plural names, this time we will use -en instead of -e, so we will add the -len -jack.

Adjective: rot: Red
Name: die Bücher: Books
Composition: die roten Bücher (Red books)

Adjective: klein: Small
Name: die BLUMEN: Flowers
Composition: die kleinen Blumen (small flowers)

ARTIKELİ EIN - COMPLETION RULE WITH NAMES

As we know, the indeterminate article of der and das is ein, and the uncertainty of die article is eine.
If a refinement is to be made with ein article then:

EIN + SEX FOR NON-DAMNED NAMES (DAS) ADD TO ES EQUIPMENT ADDED + NAME

EINE + FOR NON-GIRL NAMES (DIE) ADD E EMAIL ADDED + NAME

The above rule should be memorized like the others.

Adjective: lower: Older
Name: der Mann: Adam
Composition: ein alter Mann (An old man)

Adjective: rot: Red
Name: das Buch: Book
Composition: ein rotes Buch (A red book)

As you remember, ein and eine were not used in plural.
Thus, for plural names, the following rule can be given:

ADD E EMAIL ADDED + NAME

Adjective: lower: Older
Name: der Mann: Adam
Composition: alte Männer (Old men)

Adjective: rot: Red
Name: das Buch: Book
Composition: rote Bücher (Red books)

Above we gave examples of adjectives used with singular names.
All of the examples were made up of simple names.
In the upcoming lessons we will look at the suffixes added to adjectives for other forms.
Also, adjectives according to the noun case in German; The adjectives used in the -I form are divided into three, the adjectives used in the -E form, and the adjectives used in the -in form. We will include them in the next topics.

We wish you luck.

Said Nursi