WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

Globalization, in short, refers to the internationalization of economic, social, economic, political and geographical, cultural, religious and other issues and the creation of a world-wide environment based on mutual exchange. In other words, globalization can be described as a process of globalization. 21, in particular, is characterized by globalization, with the advancement of technology. Because of this increase in the century, the world is now facing a global village assessment.
Globalization, which started to be seen in 1980 for the first time, has accelerated in the years of 1990 with the developments in mass media and technology. And its impact as a result of globalization; In addition to the economic crisis that will take place in a country, the spread of music, sports, cultural and political spheres has begun to appear all over the world and in almost every field.
It is possible to say that globalization has been shaped in four main factors in the historical process. These are; religion, technology, economy and empire. Although they do not move separately, they have been reinforcing each other many times.
Looking at the recent globalization, it is possible to combine it for five main reasons. These are free trade, outsourcing, communication revolution, liberalization and legal compliance. With the abolition of the export and import measures and customs tariffs of the states on many issues, the period of free trade has started. The companies started to produce goods and services in different and overseas countries. In this way, outsourcing was started. The transfer of communication has been experienced with the system which facilitates the transportation of the goods called containerization to the world and the transition to broadband system with the reduction of costs. The introduction of liberalization has been an incentive to open countries with the cold war. The legal harmonization process has begun to bring the countries in line with the laws of property and intellectual property.
If we look at the criticisms of globalization, it is criticized in terms of economic, human rights and culture. If we look at the reasons for this, there is a criticism that despite the total wealth growth in the world, the wealth generated is not shared equally. In terms of humanitarian dimensions, it is considered as a violation of human rights to employ employees in some companies, especially shoes and clothing, for very long hours for very low incomes. When it comes to the cultural dimension of the criticisms, there are criticisms such as the existence of local producers and the spread of international based companies to the world market.
Positive Characteristics of Globalization
With the development of technological and communication facilities, it helps to ensure diversity and differentiation in terms of various cultures, languages, life, education and job opportunities. It is a trigger for improvement of working conditions.
In addition to causing unemployment in some cases, globalization has also enabled many people to become rich in this way, leading to growth in the exports of many countries. In this way, companies that reduce their costs have facilitated the savings of consumers. This led to a decline in inflation. Although it is included in the negative characteristics, it is a positive plant. It also affects foreign trade and economic growth.
Negative Characteristics of Globalization
Along with the positive developments brought by globalization, there are also negative effects. For example, countries that are smaller in scale than the other countries and where the globalization process has just begun; will follow this process, which will be affected by the globalization effect of the economic crisis in another country, with the consequences of unemployment. In addition to competition, international and large firms come to the fore; local and small firms are in the background. While the developed countries come to the forefront, the less developed countries are lagging behind. It affects the income distribution and triggers environmental problems. It also leads to a global paradox. In other words, while creating a global common culture, individuals cannot leave their own subcultures at the same time. Thus, it leads to a paradox on people. Globalization is in this direction in the dominant culture formed due to its western centered development.
How does globalization occur?
20. After the wars triggered by the search for a market formed by the demand of the market which was formed with the completion of the industrial revolution that took place in the first half of the 19th century, the loss of lives and the increasing cost II. After World War II, it led to globalization.