they SÜMER

Information about Sumerians

B.C. Although it was the largest city in the 2800, its population varied between 40.000 and 80.000. One of these points is the clay tablets with the King Lists. According to this, there was also a female ruler named Kubaba in the Sumerians. 35 consisted of city-state.
They used cuneiform. Graphics and symbols are used in the article. These symbols are called ideograms. The concept of pitogram refers to the expression of an expression by way of painting. Gilgamesh, the Epics of Creation and the Flood Story belong to the Sumerians. The language called Emegir belongs to the Ural - Altaic language family. Sumerian people who found the article BC. 3500 - BC 2000s lived in Mesopotamia.
According to Sumerian mythology, the creation of man consists of stages. First there is the sea. Then the sea and land merged. Then there is a cosmic mountain formation. In the last stage, gods and people have formed.
Besides being known as the oldest brewer in history, it is also drunk through a special straw.

Religion in Sumerians

Although they believed in a polytheistic religion, each object had a god. Although these gods may seem human, they were immortal gods with superhuman powers. People communicated with their gods through temples called Ziggurat. Zigurats were ruled by the Priests. When they were appointed by the kings, the kings consisted of the highest priests. Although they were demigods, they assumed a divine mission. The areas called Ziggurat were constructed as high as possible and had at least three floors. The lower floor was a storage of supplies and supplies, while the middle floors were used as schools and temples. The top floor was designed as an observatory. The aim was to be close to the most powerful and mighty God, Sky God. According to the Sumerian gods, the first god, the chief god and celestial god Anu; Ki as the first god's female and earth god; Enlil, the god of air and the father of all other gods; the god of wisdom Enki; the great lady and mother goddess Ninmah the moon god Nanna; Utu, son of the sun god and Nanna; Ecem, the queen of the gods; Inanna, the god of love and fertility; gods Ashnan and beef god Lahar.

Social Structure and Culture in Sumerians

Kenger expressed their own environment, while Emegir was the language they spoke. The social structure is also divided into two periods. The distinction is pre-flood (4000-3000 BC) and post-flood. While a matriarchal structure was adopted in the pre-flood process, there was a transition from this structure to the patriarchal structure in the post-flood process.
Although the class consists of classes, the highest grade was the clergy. This class includes soldiers and clergy. In the second class, the public took part and in the third class there were slaves. After the flood the clergy took over the administration and took over the administration of the state, which was governed as city-states. The priests took over the administration of the city-states, while the most senior Priests undertook the state administration as the Holy King.

the Flood

It is the turning point in the Sumerians. This flood is the same as Noah's Flood. The first city-state established after this flood was Kish.

Science in Sumerians

They have advanced in science and technology. Products such as pottery, pot, cauldron, bread tandoori were used, but they built two- and three-storey houses made of stone, mudbrick and bricks. Irrigation channels and irrigation systems are available. They invented the wheel. They formed the basis of mathematics and geometry and developed four operations. They used the first calendar based on the lunar year. The months in 360 days are 30 days. They also developed the sundial.
With the observations they made in their observatories, they recorded the movements of Mercury, Venus, Mars and Jupiter. In addition, area, volume, length weight measurements were used. Arts such as relief, carving, sculptor and jewelry have developed. It is the first state to find the rules of law.

The fall of Sumerians

The Sumerians started to wear out after the struggles of the city states after the Flood. B.C. In the 2800, many Sumerian cities were ruled by Etana, the King of Winter, but this led to the expansion of other cities. Therefore, despite the weakness, the first threat posed by the Elamis and began to attack the Sumerians. After the Akkadian attacks, it could not achieve stability and dissipated.