TANZIMAT EDICT

The concept of Tanzimat 3 November refers to the period beginning with the declaration of the decree in 1839 and extending to 1879. When it is considered as a concept, it expresses the changes and configurations made in the political, administrative, economic and socio-cultural spheres;
The edict declared during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid is known as the Gülhane-i Hattı Humayun.
Reasons of Edict
To be able to get support from the European States about Egypt and the Straits and to support the European states; public interventions. In addition, the desire to create a democratic infrastructure is one of the reasons that triggered the declaration of the decree. It was aimed to increase the loyalty of non-Muslims to the state and to reduce the influence of nationalism that emerged with the French Revolution.
Properties of Firman
This is the first step towards constitutionalism and transition to democracy. It expresses the rule of law in addition to limiting the powers of the Sultan. The public has no role in the preparation of the decree.
Substances of the decree
First of all, equality before everyone and the rule of law was emphasized. With the assurance that no one can be executed without trial and unjustly and obeying the rules determined in the recruitment of soldiers, the demobilization procedures shall be carried out in accordance with the rules. Security shall be ensured over the people in terms of equality, life, property and honor. Taxes are determined according to income, and everyone has the right to own or sell property or to inherit it.
Contents of the decree
It is almost three-page text. In the text, it is emphasized that the state is in a period of decline but that this process will be overcome with the reforms and laws to be made. It was emphasized that civil servant salaries would be muscular and bribery would be prevented. It was inspired by the declaration of Human and Citizen Rights in the French Revolution. For the first time in the history of Ottoman law, the concept of citizenship and the issues to be done in order to protect the rights arising from citizenship are stated.
Although it is the first step towards the rule of law, it is the first step in the constitutional direction.
Consequences of the decree
While the rule of law was accepted, the sultan restricted his powers by his own will. While the beginning of constitutionalism was accepted in the Ottoman Empire, personal freedoms were expanded. Various innovations and reforms have been made in the fields of law, administration, military service, education and culture.
If you need to look at the principles on which the decree is based; life and property security, rights to property acquisition and inheritance, principles of citizenship, open trial, tax payment according to income, military service duty and duration of military service, equality before the law, rule of law, state security and the basic principles of crime are found.